农牧结合的意义、发展历程及前景

The Significance, Development and Prospect of Integrated Crop-livestock System

农牧结合系统不仅能实现食物(粮食及畜禽产品)的可持续集约生产,而且有助于国民经济软着陆,仍可能是未来农业的主导生产模式之一。笔者通过查阅国内外文献,综述农牧结合的重要意义,并详述其主要内容及驱动因子。结果表明,农牧结合的演变过程实质是农牧结合系统集约化、专业化与组织化程度不断提高的过程。饲喂动物所需的作物和食品产业的副产品在过去1个世纪快速增加,目前全球大约有30%的耕地用来生产动物饲料,投入了大概同比例的肥料。此外,畜禽生产产生的动物粪便总氮含量超过全球化学氮肥的总氮含量。因此,强化农牧结合系统内的氮磷循环非常有利于农业可持续发展,加强农牧结合研究与推广对于中国农业绿色发展仍然具有巨大的潜力。

The integrated crop-livestock system can not only achieve sustainable and intensive food production(grain and livestock products),but also conducive to soft landing of national economy,and it may still be one of the dominant modes of agriculture production in the future.The authors reviewed the significance of integrated crop-livestock system and its primary coverage and determinant factors,based on the literatures at home and abroad.The results show that:the essence of crop-livestock integration is a process of improvement in intensification,specialization and systematism.The crops and by-products of the food industry needed to feed animals have increased rapidly over the past century.Currently,approximately 30% of theworld’s arable land is used to produce animal feed,and roughly the same rate of fertilizer was consumed in animal feed production.Furthermore,the total nitrogen accumulation of animal manure produced by livestock is higher than that of global synthetic nitrogen fertilizer.Overall,strengthening the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus within the integrated crop-livestock system is of great beneficial to agriculture sustainable development,and reinforcing the research and extension of integrated crop-livestock system has great potentials for the green development of agriculture in China.