美国对苏贷款问题历史考察(1943-1946)——关于美苏经济冷战起源的研究(之一)

A Historic Review of American Loans to the Soviet Union(1943-1946)--Research on the Origins of the U.S.-Soviet Economic Cold War(Part one)

在美苏双方希望和推进战后经济合作的氛围中,苏联提出了战后重建的贷款问题。由于苏联期待更优惠的贷款条件而美国有意把经济援助作为外交工具,雅尔塔会议没有提出贷款问题,从而错过了历史最佳时机。杜鲁门执政后,美国的意识形态偏见和苏联对自身经济体制和国际经济形势的认知偏差,导致双方在贷款问题上长期交涉但最终未果。贷款流产成为苏联与美国主导的世界经济体系切割的第一块多米诺骨牌。

When both the U.S.and the Soviet Union hoped to promote economic cooperation after the war,the Soviet Union raised the issue of loans for its post-war reconstruction.As the Soviet Union expected more favorable loan terms while the U.S.intended to use economic assistance as a diplomatic tool,the Soviet Union did not raise the issue of loans at the Yalta conference,thus missing the best opportunity in history.After Truman came to power,the U.S.ideological prejudices and the Soviet Union's cognitive deviation of its own economic system and international economic situation led to their long-term negotiations and the ultimate failure of the loan issue.The loan failure became the first domino which drove the Soviet Union apart from the world economic system.