“地方性”视角的中东路事件——基于地方史料的研究

Chinese Eastern Railway Incident from a Local Perspective--Based on Local Historical Data

20世纪20年代末的中东路事件前,中东铁路及其沿线地域的“地方化”历程与空间上的动态伸缩,使人们逐步形成了“地方”意象和“地方中心主义”观念。其“地方性”表现在“地方”的去政治化、区域经济中心地位和社会秩序主导力量等方面的特征。“地方性”视角下的中东路事件,打破了人们既往的“地方意象”,降低了中东铁路及其沿线地域的经济关联与辐射作用,主导地方社会秩序的力量被严重削弱,客观上,起到了去地方性的作用。然而,当时中国一方去殖民地化的努力归于失败,国家主体性在“地方”的创设未能达成,造成了中国政府在“地方”的政治、军事、意识形态和经济权力全部被弱化,并且给中东铁路及其沿线地域造成了极大的人员和经济损失。事件后“地方”的殖民地化程度加深,社会秩序动荡,民众生活陷入困境;苏联的军事进犯,伤害了中苏两国民众的情感,文化交流被阻断,其商业倾销政策阻碍了地方民族经济的发展,动摇了以铁路经济为中心的地方经济基础。

Before the Chinese Eastern Railway Incident in late 1920s,China Eastern railway,the"localization"course of areas along the railway and dynamic expansion of space gradually led people to form the image of“locality"and the concept of"localism".Its"localism"is embodied by the de-politicization of"locality",the centrality of regional economy and leading forces of social order.The Chinese Eastern Railway Incident from the perspective of"locality"broke people's previous"local image",reduced the economic correlation and radiation effects of Chinese Eastern Railway and areas along it.The power,which dominated local social order,was seriously weakened and objectively played the role of de-localism.Nevertheless,China's efforts to decolonize failed at that time,and the creation of state subjectivity locally failed to achieve either,which weakened political,military,ideological and economic power of Chinese government in the"local area".Meanwhile,it also caused great personnel and economic losses to Chinese Eastern railway and areas along it as well.After the incident,the colonization of the"local arean was deepened,social order was in turmoil,and people's life got into trouble.The Soviet Union's military aggression hurt the feelings of two peoples.Cultural exchanges were blocked,and commercial dumping policies of the Soviet Union hindered the development of local economy and shook the local economic foundation centered on the railway economy.