赫哲语的时点表达研究

Study on the Time-point Expressions in Hezhe Language

赫哲语的时点成分既有无标记的时间词和时间词组,也有具有丰富标记形式的时间词组。从句法层面看,在句中充当状语是赫哲语的时点成分最基本的功能,除此之外,时点成分还可以在句中充当主语、谓语、定语,少数情况下也可以在句中充当宾语。从语义层面分析,赫哲语的时点成分既可以是无定时点,也可以是有定时点;有定时点既可以是定位时点,也可以是定时时点。定位时点和定时时点都包括绝对时点和相对时点两种类型。

The time-point components in Hezhe language don’t only consist of time words and phrases without marks,but also those with various kinds of marking forms.Speaking from the syntactic level,the most basic function of the time-point components in Hezhe language is to act as adverbials in sentences.Moreover,they can also act as subjects,predicates,attributives,and in a few cases,some time-point components can also act as an object in the sentence.Analyzing from the semantic perspective,the time-point words and phrases in Hezhe language can either be definite and indefinite.The definite time points can determine the location as well as the time,which includes both absolute time points and relative time points.