高校志愿者参与马拉松赛事动机量表编制——基于推拉理论

The Development of Motivation Scale for College Volunteers to Participate in Marathon Events Based on Push-Pull Theory

为了探析大学生志愿者参与马拉松赛事服务的动机,采用文献分析法、访谈法、问卷调查法及数理统计法,以“推-拉理论”为支撑,在小样本访谈形成初试问卷的基础上,经专家两轮指导修订形成正式问卷后,对289名2017年福州马拉松志愿者进行调查。使用SPSS多元统计分析方法,建立因子分析模型。研究表明:影响马拉松赛事高校志愿者参与动机的推力因素,主要有4个特征因子——体验求知、自我实现、放松休闲及价值表达;拉力因素主要有3个特征因子——激励诱导、发展需要及赛事环境。对编制的量表进行信效度检验,结果表明问卷整体的可靠性、推拉力各维度间的相关性均符合量表编制的要求,量表指标设置合理,具有较好的信度与效度,适用于马拉松大学生志愿者参与动机及其行为的调查,对志愿者组织管理与招募具有重要的参考价值。

In order to analyze the motives of college students’ volunteers to participate in marathon service,based on the methods of literature analysis,interview,questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics and the "push-pull theory" and small sample interviews to form the initial test questionnaire.Two rounds of expert guidance were revised,and 289 volunteers from the 2017 Fuzhou Marathon were surveyed after the formal questionnaire scale was formed.A factor analysis model was established using the SPSS multivariate statistical analysis.The results show that there are four pushing factors influencing the motivation of volunteers participating in marathon competitions:experience knowledge,self-realization,relaxation and value expression and three pulling factors include:incentive induction,development needs,the event environment.Finally,the reliability and validity test of the compiled scale shows that the overall reliability of the questionnaire and the correlation between the dimensions of the push-pull force are in line with the requirements for the scale.The scale indicators are set reasonably and have good reliability and validity.It is applicable to the investigation of motivation and behavior of marathon student volunteers,and has important reference value for volunteer organization management and recruitment.