环状RNA生物学功能及其在组织修复过程中的作用

Biological function of circular RNA and its role in tissue repair

背景:环状RNA是一种非编码RNA,通过反式剪接使3’端和5’端以共价键相连接形成1个闭合环状结构。环状RNA广泛存在于多种生物细胞中,具有结构稳定、序列保守、来源丰富等特征。目前研究表明环状RNA可通过多种途径发挥作用。目的:该文就环状RNA的分类及形成过程、分子特性、功能及其在组织损伤修复中的作用做一综述。方法:第一作者应用计算机检索2005年1月至2019年4月PubMed数据库、中国期刊全文数据库关于环状RNA的文章,英文检索词“circRNA,function,miRNA,injury”;中文检索词“circRNA,功能,miRNA,损伤”。对纳入的39篇文献进行分析讨论。结果与结论:①目前发现的环状RNA根据其来源可分为4类:外显子来源的环状RNA(exonic circRNA)、外显子及内含子共同组成的环状RNA(EliRNA)、内含子来源的环状RNA(ciRNA)和聚合酶Ⅱ(PolⅡ)的转录通读形成的通读环状RNA(rt-circRNA);②环状RNA具有丰富性、保守性、稳定性;③越来越多的研究表明环状RNA具有多种功能:海绵吸附功能、与蛋白相互作用、调节转录、参与蛋白翻译;④大量研究表明环状RNA参与组织修复,其表达特征与组织修复具有明显相关性。

BACKGROUND:Circular RNA(circRNA)is a new endogenous non-coding RNA produced by the RNA shearing process.It has a closed loop structure,without 3'cap and 5'poly(A)tail.circRNA is widely distributed in eukaryotes,and has the characteristics of stable structure,evolutionary conservation,and abundant sources.Current research has shown that circRNA can function through diversified ways.OBJECTIVE:To review the classification and formation process of circRNA,its molecular properties,potential functions and its role in tissue repair.METHODS:A computer-based search for literature in CNKI and PubMed databases published from January 2005 to April 2019 was performed using the keywords of“circRNA,function,miRNA,injury”in English and Chinese,respectively.Finally,39 articles were included for analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Currently discovered circRNAs can be classified into four types according to their origins:exon-derived circRNA(exonic circRNA),exon-intron circRNA(EliRNA),intron-derived circRNA(ciRNA)and read-through circRNA(rt-circRNA).circRNA is rich,conservative and stable.Increasing studies have shown that circRNA has multiple functions,but mainly has the following four functions:sponge adsorption function,interaction with proteins,regulation of transcription,and participation in protein translation.Numerous studies have shown that circular RNA is involved in the regulation of tissue repair,and its expression profile is significantly related to tissue repair.