校园欺凌发生的话语分析与教育治理

Discourse Analysis and Educational Governance of School Bullying

校园欺凌是一个教育问题,主要在于欺凌者与被欺凌者均为受教育者,需通过教育的方法和手段来促进其身心和谐发展。校园欺凌现象已有研究仅从欺凌双方各自形成的心理或社会条件入手,将校园欺凌作为一种特殊的攻击性行为。从对欺凌者或受欺凌者本身的条件分析转向对欺凌行为双方关系的分析比较重视。基于福柯话语理论分析校园欺凌现象,从中可以发现,话语空间、主体生产和话语空间的排斥与控制分别构成了校园欺凌发生机制的基础、保障和运作方式。故校园欺凌的实质是话语空间对外控制的话语实践形式,也是主体在话语实践中产生的一种经验形式,而非仅是行为主体之间的情感宣泄或矛盾解决的表现方式。为此,解决校园欺凌的教育学方法则是话语空间的改造、学生批判精神的培养以及教育空间中权力关系的教育治理。

School bullying is an educational problem,mainly because the bullying and the bullied are the educated,whose harmonious physical and mental development need to be promoted via education measures.Existing researches on school bullying just start from the psychological or social conditions of the bullying and the bullied separately,regarding school bullying as a special aggressive behavior.The analysis of the study will shift from conditions of the bullying or the bullied to the mutual relationship between the two bodies.With Foucault's Discourse Theory to analyze school bullying,it can be found that rejection and control of discourse space,subject production and discourse space constitute the basis,guarantee and operation of school bullying mechanism.Therefore,the essence of school bullying is the discourse practice form of the external control of discourse space,also an empirical form produced in the practice of the subjects,rather than the subjects'manifestation of emotional catharsis or contradictory solution.Based on this,the method to solve school bullying is transformation of discourse space,cultivation of students'critical spirit and education governance of power relationship in educational space.