不同水平障碍赛马越障步态特征

Preliminary Study on the Gait Characteristics of Obstacle Race Horses at Different Levels

【目的】研究不同水平障碍赛马越障时步态特征之间的关系,为障碍赛马的越障性能评估,调教训练提供基础数据和理论参考。【方法】选7~12岁身体健康状况良好的障碍赛运动马20匹,按照越障能力将马匹分为优秀组、良好组、一般组、较差组。使用高清摄像机拍摄试验马匹跳跃单杆40、60、80 cm障碍的动态视频,并用Kinovea视频分析软件处理,获取马匹在跳跃障碍时的步态特征数据,分析不同水平障碍赛马在越障时步态特征的差异性和在不同高度时步态特征之间的相关性。【结果】在40和60 cm障碍高度时,优秀组的后肢步幅极显著大于良好组、一般组(P<0.01);较差组的起跳位置极显著大于一般组(P<0.01);较差组的起跳角度极显著大于良好组(P<0.01),显著大于优秀组(P<0.05)。起跳位置与起跳角度、着陆角度之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);起跳角度与着陆角度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);后肢步幅与跳跃距离、着陆位置、着陆角度之间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),且与起跳角度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。在80 cm障碍高度时,优秀组、较差组的后肢步幅极显著大于一般组(P<0.01);优秀组、良好组的起跳位置显著大于一般组(P<0.05);一般组、较差组的起跳角度极显著大于良好组(P<0.01)。起跳角度与着陆角度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);后肢步幅与起跳位置呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与跳跃距离、着陆角度之间呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。【结论】在40、60、80 cm障碍高度时马匹的后肢步幅、起跳位置、起跳角度指标可以作为评估障碍赛马越障性能的选择指标。

【Objective】The aim of the experiment is to study the relationship between gait characteristics and limb angles of obstacle racing horses at different levels in the hope of providing basic data and theoretical references for the evaluation of obstacle horse racing performances and training.【Method】horses of 7-12 year old obstacle sports horses in good health were selected according to obstacle crossing ability and then they were divided into excellent group,good group,ordinary group and poor group.A HD camera was used to take the dynamic video of the jumping obstacles of the test horses at 40cm,60cm80cm,and analyzed.【Result】At 40cm and 60cm obstacle heights,the hind stride length of the excellent group extremely significantly larger than the good group and the ordinary group(P<0.01).The take-off point of the poor group extremely significantly larger than the ordinary group(P<0.01).The take-off angle of the poor group was extremely significantly larger than the good group(P<0.01) and significantly larger than the excellent group(P<0.05).Take-off point extremely positively with take-off angle and land angle(P<0.01).Take-off angle extremely positively with land angle(P<0.01).Hind stride length extremely negatively with jump distance,land point,and land angle(P<0.01),and significantly negatively with the take-off angle(P<0.05).At 80cm obstacle heights,the hind stride length of the excellent group and the poor group extremely significantly larger than the ordinary group(P<0.01).The take-off point of the excellent group and the good group significantly larger than the ordinary group(P<0.05).The take-off angle of the ordinary group and the poor group extremely significantly larger than the good group(P<0.01).Take-off angle extremely positively with land angle(P<0.01).Hind stride length extremely negatively with take-off position(P<0.01),and significantly negatively with jump distance and land angle(P<0.05).【Conclusion】At 40cm,60cm,and 80cm obstacle heights,the hind stride length,take-off point,and take-off angle of the horse can be used as selection indicators for evaluating obstacle jumping performance of obstacle horses.and training.