中国自由主义思潮的五个发展阶段及其历史考察

The Five Development Stages of Chinese Liberal Trend of Thought and Its Historical Investigation

自由主义思潮是中国主要的社会思潮之一,其产生和演变与中国历史息息相关。不可否认,自由主义是西方的舶来品,十九世纪自由主义在西方处于鼎盛时期,也就在这个时期,中国的国门被迫打开,自由理念开始传入我国。五四新文化运动前后,自由主义理论被系统地介绍到中国并参与政治实践;中华人民共和国成立后,自由主义思潮处于低谷状态;改革开放是中国历史的转折点,新自由主义思潮在中国经历了跌宕起伏的发展,主要影响着经济领域内的改革;二十世纪九十年代之后,新自由主义思潮实现了由经济思想影响到意识形态扩张的转变。

Trend of liberalismis one of the main social trends of thought in China, and its generation and evolution are closely related to Chinese history. It is undeniable that liberalism is an imported product of the western world. In the 19 th century, liberalism was in its peak time in the West. It was during this period that China was forced to open to the outside world and the concept of freedom began to spread to China. Before and after the May 4 th New Cultural Movement, liberalism was systematically introduced to China and involved in political practice;after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the trend of liberalism was at a low ebb;but the reform and opening up was a turning point in Chinese history. The ups and downs of development have mainly affected reforms in the economic field;since the 1990 s, a change from economic thought to ideological expansion has been realized because of the neoliberal trend of thought.