基本情状体的认知语法识解

Cognitive Grammar Construal of Basic Situation Aspect

基于Vendler(1967)和Smith(1991),基本情状体包括状态情状体、活动情状体、达成情状体和成就情状体。认知语法根据动词的内部过程将情状体分为完成性过程和非完成性过程。我们认为,状态情状体属于非完成性过程,活动情状体、达成情状体和成就情状体属于完成性过程,情状体是采用不同扫描方式将注意力分配至不同辖域从而构建不同心理意象的工具。非完成性过程状态情状体采用总体扫描方式,完成性过程活动情状体和达成情状体采用序列扫描多次扫描方式,完成性过程情状成就情状体采用序列扫描单次扫描方式。使用总体扫描方式时,注意力被分配至整个情状过程,使用序列扫描方式时,注意力可被分配至过程的某个点或某个阶段。情状体是对世界的识解方式,不同情状体构建不同的心理意象。

Based on Vendler(1967)and Smith(1991),basic situation aspect includes states,activities,accomplishments,and achievements.Cognitive Grammar distinguishes perfective processes from imperfective processes according to the internal predications of verbs.We classify states as imperfective process and other three situation aspects as perfective processes.It is assumed that the situation aspect is a scanning and zooming device to assign attention to different phases of the processes and build a mental imagery.States(Imperfective processes)is processed in summary scanning,whereas activities and accomplishments(Perfective processes)are processed in polysequential scanning and achievements(Perfective processes)is processed in monosequential scanning.In summary scanning,attention is assigned to the whole situation process while in sequential scanning,attention is assigned to some phase of the process.Situation aspect is the construal of realistic and nonrealistic world.Different situation aspects will build different mental imagery.