我国渔业生产效率比较及动态分解测算——基于上市企业数据

Dynamic decomposition and comparison of fishery productivity: an analysis based on the data of listed enterprises

近年来受海洋资源衰退、生态环保约束、海外渔业风险等内外因素限制,渔业生产面临困境,渔业产业发展亟待转型突破。以渔业类上市企业为研究对象,使用超效率DEA模型和Malmquist指数方法,对相关数据研究得出,远洋渔业、水产养殖、加工贸易、水产饲料等不同类型渔业企业效率差异较大;渔业类企业在综合管理效率上虽有所进步但技术水平收缩,全要素生产率呈下降趋势。渔业企业普遍存在着经营效益较差、盈利能力不足、劳动集约程度低等问题。在技术和规模制约下,渔业产业发展需要政府和企业在政策和战略上创新,缓解生产风险,提高渔业经济效益。

In recent years,due to the deterioration of marine resources,environmental protection constraints,overseas fishery risks and other internal and external factors,fishery production is facing difficulties,and the development of fishery industry urgently needs to be transformed and broken through.Taking listed fishery enterprises as the research object,using the super-efficiency DEA model and Malmquist index,this paper studies the relevant data,and it concludes that the efficiency of different types of fishery enterprises,such as ocean fishery,aquaculture,processing trade,aquatic feed,is quite different.Although the efficiency of comprehensive management of fishery enterprises have improved,the technical level has shrunk,and the total factor productivity is on declining trend.There are many problems in fishery industry,such as poor operating efficiency,inadequate profitability and low labor intensity.Under the restriction of technology and scale,governments and enterprises need to innovate in policies and strategies to mitigate production risks and improve the economic benefits of fisheries.