水产养殖效率综合评价体系构建与实证

Construction and demonstration of comprehensive evaluation system for aquaculture efficiency

我国是水产养殖大国,但水产养殖效率评价研究存在诸多问题,仍待完善。运用改进DEA模型分别测定技术效率和经济效率,结合二者构建综合评价体系。运用该体系对我国5省117户对虾养殖户进行综合评价,结果表明:(1)我国对虾养殖技术效率总体较高,区域间差异源于集约化程度不同,区域内差异源于饲料构成复杂度;(2)我国对虾养殖经济效率总体较低,虾农议价能力差、缺乏经济分析的理念,除江苏外,其余省份差异较小,区域内差异源于用工成本异质性;(3)养殖户综合评价水平总体不容乐观,区域间差异较小,区域内问题各不相同,诸如技术效率向经济效率的转化、技术两极分化等。建议各省份因地制宜,精准施策,注重养殖户行为分析,加强信息交流,提升总体效率水平。

China is a big aquaculture country,but there are many problems in the evaluation of aquaculture efficiency,which still need to be improved.The improved DEA model was used to measure the technical efficiency and economic efficiency respectively,and a comprehens ive evaluation system was constructed by combining these two models.The system was used to evaluate 117 shrimp farmers in 5 provinces of China.The results showed that:(1)the technical efficiency of shrimp farming in China was generally higher,the regional differences were due to the degree of intensification,and the intraregional differences were due to the complexity of feed composition;(2)the economic efficiency of shrimp farming in China was generally lower,and the bargaining power of shrimp farmers was lower.Poor and lack of economic analysis concept,except Jiangsu Province,the other provinces have small differences,the regional differences are due to the heterogeneity of labor costs;(3)the overall level of comprehensive evaluation of farmers is not optimistic,the regional differences are small,and the regional problems are different,such as the transformation of technical efficiency to economic efficiency,technology polarization and so on.It is suggested that the provinces should take measures according to local conditions,implement precise policies,pay attention to the behavior analysis of farmers,strengthen information exchange and improve the overall efficiency level.