汉代两京地区兵器随葬制度初论

Study of the Weapon-Burying System in the Two Capital Regions during the Han Period

兵器随葬制度作为汉代丧葬制度的重要组成部分,其典型性在两京地区汉墓中表现得尤为突出。随葬兵器等级差异明显,不同身份者随葬兵器的组合和数量不同;随葬兵器明器现象突出,以弩机为主要器类,不同等级的墓葬随葬兵器明器化的方式有异;随葬兵器性别指向分明,中小型墓葬中男性随葬兵器而女性不见。汉代兵器随葬制度的等级化、明器化、性别化与当时的政治秩序、丧葬礼仪和传统文化等因素有关。

As an important component in the Han funeral system, the practice of weapon burying was commonly found in Han tombs in Chang’an and Luoyang regions. The hierarchical difference of this practice is distinctive, which was evidenced by the variations in terms of weapon assemblages and total amount of weapons contingent on the occupant’s rank. Also, most weapons buried in tombs were of miniature forms. How these miniature weapons were made was also different among various ranks. Moreover, the presence of weapons was gender-specific. For the cases of small and medium-sized tombs, almost all funeral weapons were found in male tombs, but not female ones. All aspects mentioned above including hierarchization, miniaturization, and gender specific were related to the political order, funeral rites, and the traditional culture during the Han period.