2013—2017年黔西南州乡镇雨量站的暴雨基本特征分析

Analysis on Basic Characteristics of Rainstorm in Southwestern Guizhou Based on Township Automatic Station

本文利用2013-2017年黔西南州乡镇自动站雨量数据,分析了暴雨、大暴雨、特大暴雨的逐月变化及空间分布特征,并就分布的空间差异性进行了探讨。结果表明,2013-2017年黔西南州特大暴雨点数累积集中出现在5-9月,其中6月最多,其次为8月;大暴雨主要出现在5-10月,6月最多;暴雨集中出现在5-9月,其中6月最多,其次为7月、9月。暴雨及以上量级的雨日呈现明显的单峰结构,6月最多,达到88 d。大暴雨分布在4-12月,集中分布在6-9月,其中6月最多,达到27个大暴雨日,平均每年4.5 d;特大暴雨分布在5-9月,其中8月最多,有4个特大暴雨日,平均每年0.8 d。暴雨以上量级日数夏季出现最多,其次为秋季、春季,冬季最少。暴雨、大暴雨季节变化特征相同,均为夏季最多,秋季次之,再次为春季,冬季最少;特大暴雨夏季最多,春秋季相同,均为2日。2013-2017年黔西南州暴雨及以上量级日数空间分布不均匀,总体呈现南北多中间少的特征,特大暴雨主要出现在兴义市东南部、兴义与兴仁交界以及兴仁中部以北。

In this paper,the monthly variation and spatial distribution characteristics of rainstorm and above were analyzed by using the rainfall data of automatic stations in Qianxinan Prefecture from 2013 to 2017,and the spatial differences of distribution were discussed.The results showed that extraordinary rainstorm mainly occurred in the period of May to September from 2013 to 2017,with the highest in June,followed by August;downpour occurred mainly from May to October,and most in June;rainstorm concentrated in May to September,most in June,followed by July and September.Temporally,the rainstorm and above precipitation showed an obvious single-peak distribution,with the largest in June,reaching 88 days.Heavy rainstorm,were distributed from April to December,concentrated in June-September,with the most in June,reaching 27 heavy rain days,with an average of 4.5 days per year.Extraordinary rainstorm,with an average of 0.8 days per year,were distributed from May to September,with the most in August with 4 days.Rainstorm and above precipitation were the most frequent in summer,followed by autumn,spring and winter.Extraordinary rainstorm occur most frequently in summer and the same in spring and autumn,both were 2 days.The spatial distribution of rainstorm and above has been uneven from 2013 to 2017,the north and south are relatively more than central part,extraordinary rainstorm mainly occurred in the southeast of Xingyi City,the junction of Xingyi and Xingren,and the north of Xingren.