领海宽度之争与美国海洋自由观论析

The Clash on the Limit of Territorial Sea and U.S. Position on the Freedom of the Sea

领海宽度是联合国海洋法会议的争论焦点之一,各国或国家集团都有着不同主张,即使是西方国家也有不同立场。领海与海洋自由是海洋法上两个并行不悖的概念,领海宽度的不同主张也反映着各国对海洋自由的立场。美国认为领海的扩大直接影响海洋自由,其海洋自由观的核心是寻求在全球关键海域拥有自由通过和航行权利,它不愿受大多数国家达成的海洋规则共识的束缚,以实力为基础,以海洋自由为名,在全球海域甚至在别国的领海内通过与航行,企图造就事实,形成习惯,将自己横行于海洋的情状强加于人。美国的这种海洋自由观不利于全球海洋秩序的构建,是海洋自由的真正威胁。

The clash on the limit of the territorial sea is one of the focal points of the UN conference on the law of the sea.Many countries have different positions about the issue.The views of the limit of the territorial sea also reflect the position of the countries on the freedom of the sea.The United States believes that the expansion of the territorial sea will limit freedom of the sea.Its core concept of freedom of the sea is to seek freedom of navigation in the key areas of the world in an attempt to create facts and practices,which is a real threat to freedom of the sea.