2014—2018年某铁路企业职工死亡特征分析

Analysis on Death Characteristics of Employees in A Railway Enterprise from 2014 to 2018

分析某铁路企业职工死因构成和顺位情况,为制定工作场所健康促进策略提供依据。收集20142018年某铁路企业职工死因监测资料和人口数据,按照国际疾病分类标准(ICD-10)进行死因编码,计算死亡率、死因构成指标,进行统计分析。结果表明,20142018年该铁路企业职工年均死亡率为190.22/10万;男性、女性年均死亡率分别为214.56/10万、60.49/10万,男性死亡率高于女性(χ^2=74.83,P<0.001);死因前5位依次为恶性肿瘤、心脏病、脑血管病、伤害和中毒、呼吸系统疾病。进而结合该企业职工死亡以恶性肿瘤居首、心脑血管疾病次之,男性死亡率高于女性,死亡职工绝大多数发生在40~60岁之间等特征,提出制定针对不同人群的综合性防治措施、开展健康管理与健康促进是治本之策。

To analyze the composition and position of death causes of employees in a railway enterprise,and to provide basis for formulating workplace health promotion strategies.The monitoring data and population data on the cause of death of employees in a railway enterprise from 2014 to 2018 were collected.The cause of death was coded according to the International Classification of Diseases(ICD-10),and the indicators of mortality and cause of death were calculated and analyzed statistically.The results show that from 2014 to 2018,the average annual death rate of employees in this railway enterprise is 190.22/100000.The average annual mortality rates for men and women were 214.56/100000 and 60.49/100000 respectively,and the mortality rate for men was higher than that for women(χ^2=74.83,P<0.001).The top 5 causes of death were malignant tumor,heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,injury and poisoning,and respiratory system diseases.Furthermore,combined with the characteristics that malignant tumor is the leading cause of employee death,followed by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,male death rate is higher than female death rate,and the vast majority of dead employees occur between 40 and 60 years old,it is proposed to formulate comprehensive prevention and control measures for different groups,and to carry out health management and health promotion is the fundamental policy.