冬小麦氨基酸品质与气候生态因子关系研究

Relationship Between Amino Acid Quality of Winter Wheat and Meteorological Ecological Factors

选用南北方冬小麦品种作试验材料,通过地理分期播种试验,采用方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法对冬小麦籽粒氨基酸品质等进行评价,利用典型相关和回归分析等方法分析冬小麦氨基酸品质与气候生态因子的相关程度,并选择相关性显著的气候生态因子构建冬小麦氨基酸含量预测模型。结果表明,各冬小麦氨基酸成分中,非必需氨基酸中的谷氨酸平均含量最高,必需氨基酸中的蛋氨酸平均含量最低;必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸环境适应性相对较强,而半必需氨基酸在进行优质育种时选择潜势较大;冬小麦氨基酸成分含量呈现出北方品种高于南方品种的区域分布特征,苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和甘氨酸含量地域性差异显著。氨基酸品质可由累计贡献率达97. 796%的3个主成分解释,其综合品质评价为固城郯麦98表现最优,泰安山农18表现较好,而荆州郑麦9023、宿州皖麦52、徐州徐麦33表现较差;聚类分析中类群排列与冬小麦氨基酸成分含量及其地域分布关系密切,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类依次为华北麦区郯麦98、黄淮北部麦区山农18、黄淮南部麦区皖麦52、黄淮南部麦区徐麦33和江淮麦区郑麦9023,与主成分分析中的综合评价排序有一致性;冬小麦氨基酸含量与气候生态因子相关密切,其中必需氨基酸含量与温湿条件相关最显著,大部分氨基酸成分均可以通过调节小气候环境或土壤湿度的方式提高其含量品质。

Five winter wheat cultivars from the north and south wheat areas were selected as experimental materials.Through the different sowing date test,the amino acid quality of winter wheat grain was evaluated by variance analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.Based on typical correlation and stepwise regression analysis,the correlation between winter wheat amino acid quality and climatic-biological factors was studied,and significant relevant climatic ecological factors were selected to construct winter wheat amino acid content prediction model.The results show that the average content of glutamate(non-essential amino)was the highest in amino acid contents of winter wheat,and the average content of methionine(essential amino acid)was the lowest.The environmental adaptability of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids was relatively strong,while semi-essential amino acids had a greater potential for quality breeding.The content of amino acid in winter wheat showed the regional distribution characteristics that for northern varieties it was higher than that of southern varieties.The regional differences of threonine,phenylalanine,arginine,aspartic acid,glutamic acid and glycine were significant.The amino acid quality could be explained by three principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 97.796%.In the comprehensive quality evaluation,the Gucheng Tanmai 98,and Taian Shannong 18 performed better,while the Jingzhou Zhengmai 9023,Suzhou Wanmai 52,Xuzhou Xumai 33 performed poorly.The cluster analysis showed that the cluster arrangement was closely related to the content of amino acid components and geographical distribution of winter wheat.The types I,II,III and IV were the Tanmai 98 in the north wheat area,the Shannong 18 in the northern part of Huanghuai wheat area,the Wanmai 52 in the southern part of Huanghuai,the Xumai 33 in the southern wheat area of Huanghuai and the Zhengmai 9023 in the Jianghuai wheat area,respectively which was consistent with the comprehensive evaluation ranking in the principal component analysis.The correlation between amino acid content of winter wheat and climatic-biological factors was obvious.The essential amino acid content was most correlated with temperature and humidity conditions.Most of the amino acid components could be improved in quality by adjusting the microclimate environment or soil moisture.