证据排除规则与准确认定事实的逻辑关系思辨

Reflections on the Logical Relationship between Evidence Exclusion Rules and Accurate Identification of Facts

我国设立非法证据排除规则及保障证据可靠性的排除规则的一个重要目的是为了促进准确认定事实,但实际上证据排除规则很难发挥这种功能。首先,我国在司法实践中对证据能力和证明力并未作清晰的区分;其次,我国目前尚缺乏有效的证据隔离机制;最后,在一些刑事案件当中判决书存在证据说理不足的情况。这些因素共同决定了我国的证据排除规则在促进准确认定事实方面很难发挥大的作用,当前证据排除规则的关注重点应在于维护司法公正和其它社会价值。为了促进准确认定事实,应从认识能力、认识手段、认识方式等方面努力,提高裁判者的证据推理水平,发展并合理运用科学证据,还要改变以口供为中心的证明模式。

The illegal evidence exclusion rules and exclusion rules to ensure the authenticity of evidences have an important aim,which is to promote accurate identification of facts.However,evidence exclusion rules can't has this function,because evidence exclusion rules themselves have little effect on promoting accuracy,and in China's judicial practice,evidence competence and probative force has no clear distinction,there's a lack of evidence isolation mechanism,evidence reasoning is insufficiency,and judges can't fully determine fact independently.And some of these factors are determined by China's litigation system,which is difficult to change in the short term,which determines that China's evidence exclusion rules can hardly play a large role in promoting accurate identification of facts.It should be to safeguard judicial fairness and other social values.In order to promote accurate identification of facts,efforts should be made in terms of cognitive ability,cognitive means,and cognitive methods to improve the level of evidence reasoning of judges,develop and rationally use scientific evidence,and change the confession-centric proof mode.