基于磷肥的改良剂对庐山茶园土壤的持续改良

Continuous Improvement of Soil in Lushan Tea Garden Based on Phosphate Fertilizer

为研究以磷肥为基质的碱性改良剂对庐山茶园酸性土壤的持续改良效果,选取江西省庐山某1100 m处云雾茶园土壤,通过施加磷肥为基质的碱性改良剂调节土壤pH及土壤养分,共设置4种实验处理方案:(1)4875 kg/hm^2过磷酸钙处理;(2)1462.5 kg/hm^2石灰石+4875 kg/hm^2过磷酸钙处理;(3)7312.5 kg/hm^2生物调理剂+4875 kg/hm^2过磷酸钙处理;(4)空白处理。采集施加改良剂第1年及第2年后的样本,分析比较施肥前后茶园土壤pH、理化性质、酶活性及茶叶生化指标、重金属含量的变化情况,了解不同碱性改良剂对庐山茶园酸性土壤的持续改良效果。实验结果显示:改良剂可以有效调节茶园土壤pH,增加土壤养分,且在随着时间的延长,土壤pH及养分仍处于较好水平,施加石灰石+过磷酸钙的土壤施肥第1年土壤pH调节至5.34且第2年仅下降至5.12,施加生物调理剂+过磷酸钙的土壤中速效磷、有机质含量施肥后第2年相比第1年分别增加了31.5%、17.2%。施加改良剂也可持续提高土壤酶活性,增加茶叶中的超氧化物岐化酶和叶绿素含量,并有效降低了茶叶中重金属含量。

In order to study the effect of phosphate-based alkaline modifier on the improvement of acid soil in Lushan tea garden,the soil of Yunwu tea garden at 1100 m in Lushan Mountain,Jiangxi Province was selected,and soil pH and soil nutrients were adjusted by applying phosphate fertilizer as matrix alkaline modifier.Four experimental treatment schemes were set up:(1)4875 kg/hm^2 superphosphate treatment;(2)1462.5 kg/hm^2 limestone+4875 kg/hm^2 superphosphate treatment;(3)7312.5 kg/hm^2 biological conditioner+4875 kg/hm^2 superphosphate treatment;(4)check.The samples selected after the application of the modifier for one year and two years were collected,and the changes of soil pH,physicochemical properties,enzyme activity,biochemical indicators and heavy metal content of tea gardens before and after fertilization were analyzed,and the different alkaline modifier were applied to the acid soil of Lushan Tea Garden.Continuous improvement effect indicated that the modifier can effectively adjust the soil pH of the tea garden and increase the soil nutrient.The soil pH and nutrients are still at a good level with the extension of time.The soil pH of the first year is adjusted to 5.34 and the soil is applied by limestone+superphosphate.In the second year,it only dropped to 5.12.In the soil where bio-conditioner+superphosphate was applied,the available phosphorus and organic matter content increased by 31.5%and 17.2% respectively in the second year.The application of modifiers can also increase soil enzyme activity,increase the content of superoxide dismutase and chlorophyll in tea,and effectively reduce the heavy metal content in tea.