包膜尿素与普通尿素配施对冬小麦产量及土壤氮素的影响

Effects of Blendingof Polymer Coated Urea and Uncoated Urea on Wheat Yield and Soil Nitrogen

通过田间小区试验研究包膜尿素与普通尿素掺混后一次基施对冬小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响,为冬小麦简化高效施肥提供技术支撑.试验设不施氮(CK)、尿素一次基施(U1)、尿素减氮30%一次基施(70%U1)、尿素分次追施(U2)、70%包膜尿素与30%普通尿素掺混后一次基施(CRU)和70%包膜尿素与30%普通尿素掺混后减氮30%一次基施(70%CRU)6个处理.结果表明:施用氮肥增加了冬小麦生物量和产量,包膜尿素配施普通尿素处理(CRU和70%CRU)较等施氮量尿素处理(U1和70%U1)产量平均显著增加7.91%,氮素利用率提高7.90%,净收益显著提高12.33%;CRU与U2处理产量差异不显著,但显著高于U1处理;70%CRU与U1处理产量差异不显著,但氮素利用率显著增加了30.4%.等氮量的包膜尿素较普通尿素一次基施处理显著提高了返青期及灌浆期土壤硝态氮含量,且CRU与U2处理硝态氮含量无显著差异.上述结果表明,包膜尿素普通尿素掺混后一次基施可满足小麦生育后期对氮素的需求,在保障产量的前提下减少了追肥次数和氮肥用量.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of one-off fertilization of polymer coated urea(PCU)on yield and nitrogen use(NUE)efficiency of wheat,providing scientific basis for appropriate application of CRU.There were six treatments including:no N control(CK),complete basal fertilization of full-dose urea(U1),reduced-dose of U1(70%U1),70%basal and 30%topdressing at jointing stage(U2),complete basal application of PCU(CRU)and reduced-dose of CRU(70%CRU).The results indicates that wheat yields,NUE and net income of CRUs were significantly increased by 7.91%,7.90%and 20.53%,compared with regular urea treatments with the same N application rates,but there was no significant difference between 70%CRU and U1 treatment.The NO^3--N content of CRUs treatments(CRU and 70%CRU)were significantly higher than the U1 and 70%U1 treatments with the same N application rates while no significant difference observed between CRU and U2,indicating that the CRUs treatments showed steadily N supply with a pattern nearly synchronized with the N uptake of wheat.Therefore,basal application of CRU could meet the wheat requirement for N during the whole growth period,and significantly improves the supply intensity of soil inorganic N after jointing stage,therefore,maintain wheat yield,fertilizer use efficiency and net income with 30%reduced N rates.