2017年重庆市渝中区15～69岁居民健康素养及影响因素分析

Analysis on health literacy and influencing factors among residents aged 15-69 years old in Yuzhong District of Chongqing City during 2017

目的了解重庆市渝中区居民健康素养水平及影响因素,为制定针对性的健康教育与健康促进干预策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取渝中区854名居民作为调查对象,使用全国统一编制的《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》进行调查,利用单因素和多因素统计方法分析结果。结果2017年重庆市渝中区居民健康素养水平为18.50%。在健康素养的3个方面中,基本知识和理念素养水平为38.64%,基本技能素养水平为25.64%,健康生活方式与行为素养水平为13.11%。具备6类健康问题素养的比例从高到低依次为安全与急救素养(65.11%)、科学健康观素养(51.29%)、健康信息素养(34.78%)、传染病防治素养(29.98%)、慢性病防治素养(23.54%)、基本医疗素养(9.37%)。单因素分析显示,不同民族、文化程度、职业、年龄、患慢性病与否、人均收入与健康素养具备率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,渝中区居民健康素养的影响因素主要是文化程度和职业。结论重庆市渝中区居民健康素养具备率高于全国居民健康素养水平,但3个方面和六类健康问题素养相差较大,应针对重点人群和薄弱健康知识点开展健康教育与健康促进行动。

Objective To understand the health literacy level and influencing factors among the residents in Yuzhong District of Chongqing City to provide a scientific basis for formulating the targeted health education and health promotion intervention strategies.Methods The multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to extract 854 residents in Yuzhong District as the survey subjects.The national uniform compiled Chinese Resident Health Literacy Questionnaire was applied to conduct the investigation.The results were analyzed by using the single factor and multi-factor statistical methods.Results The health literacy level in Yuzhong District of Chongqing City during 2017 was 18.50%.Among the three aspects of health literacy,the literacy level of basic knowledge and idea was 38.64%,which of basic skill was 25.64% and which of healthy lifestyle and behavior was 13.11%.The proportions possessing the 6 types of health problems literacy from high to low were in turn the safety and first aid literacy(65.11%),the scientific health view literacy(51.29%),the health information literacy(34.78%),the infectious disease prevention and control literacy(29.98%),the chronic disease prevention and control literacy(23.54%)and the basic medical literacy(9.37%).The univariate analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the possessing rate of health literacy among different nationalities,education levels,occupations,ages,chronic illnesses,and per capita income(P<0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the health literacy among the residents in Yuzhong District were mainly the education level and occupation.Conclusion The health literacy possessing rate among the residents in Yuzhong District of Chongqing City is higher than that of the national residents.However,the literacies in three aspects and the six types of health problems are quite different.The health education and health promotion activities should be carried out for aiming at the key populations and weak health knowledge points.