渝东北地区呼吸道病原体谱感染的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of respiratory tract pathogen spectrum infection in northeast Chongqing

目的分析渝东北地区呼吸道病原体谱感染的流行病学特征。方法选取2017年10月至2018年10月于该院治疗的430例急性呼吸道感染患者为研究对象,利用间接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道病原体谱的IgM抗体。结果430例患者中,IgM抗体阳性率为66.98%,主要以肺炎支原体感染为主(30.23%);混合感染占4.88%,主要以肺炎支原体和流感病毒B型联合感染为主。各年龄组(0~5岁组、>5~15岁组、>15~25岁组、>25~60岁组、>60岁组)呼吸道病原体谱的检出率分别为67.27%、69.74%、58.62%、63.95%、70.27%,各组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。呼吸道病原谱的检出率以2-5月(春季)为全年最高,其次为10-12月(冬季),6-9月(夏、秋季)的检出率为全年最低。结论渝东北地区呼吸道病原体谱感染以肺炎支原体为主,不同季节、不同年龄患者的病原体检出率存在差异,临床可依据流行病学调查结果制订相应的预防、干预措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory tract pathogen spectrum infection in Northeast Chongqing.Methods A total of 430 patients with acute respiratory tract infection treated in the hospital from October 2017 to October 2018 were selected as the research objects,and the IgM antibody of respiratory tract pathogen spectrum was detected by indirect immunofluorescence method.Results Among the 430 patients,the positive rate of IgM antibody was 66.98%,mainly Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection(30.23%);mixed infection accounted for 4.88%,mainly Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza B combined infection.The detection rates of respiratory tract pathogen spectrum in each age group(0 to 5 years old group,5 to 15 years old group,15 to 25 years old group,25 to 60 years old group,over 60 years old group)were 67.27%,69.74%,58.62%,63.95%and 70.27%respectively(P<0.05).The detection rate of respiratory tract pathogen spectrum was the highest from February to May(spring),followed by October to December(winter),and the lowest from June to September(summer and autumn).Conclusion Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the main respiratory pathogen infection in this area.The detection rate of pathogens in patients is different with different seasons and ages.According to the results of epidemiological investigation,the corresponding prevention and intervention measures can be formulated.