中山地区儿童肺炎支原体感染的流行病学研究

Epidemiological analysis of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Zhongshan area

目的分析中山地区儿童肺炎支原体(MP)感染的流行病学特征,为该地区儿童MP感染的防治工作提供参考依据。方法收集2013年1月至2018年12月于该院儿科住院治疗的呼吸道感染患儿(48046例)的临床资料,对患儿MP-IgM抗体的阳性率进行分析。结果2013年1月至2018年12月该院行MP-IgM抗体检测的上呼吸道感染患儿的MP-IgM抗体阳性率为18.45%(8863/48046)。2013-2018年MP-IgM抗体阳性率分别为19.98%、17.88%、18.59%、18.52%、20.69%、15.08%,各年份间比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=92.92,P=0.001)。不同年份相同季节间、同一年份不同季节间MP-IgM抗体阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。学龄期患儿MP-IgM抗体阳性率最高,婴儿期阳性率最低,同一年份的不同年龄时期之间、同一年龄时期的不同年份之间(除学龄期外)MP-IgM抗体阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性患儿MP-IgM抗体的阳性率为15.92%,低于女性患儿的22.50%(P<0.05)。结论中山地区儿童MP感染率较高,且好发于3岁以上儿童,不同季节、不同年龄和性别儿童的MP感染率存在差异。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection in Zhongshan area,and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of children with MP infection in this area.Methods The clinical data of children with respiratory tract infections(48046)treated in the pediatric department of Bo′ai Hospital of Zhongshan City from January 2013 to December 2018 were collected,and the positive rate of MP-IgM antibodies was analyzed.Results The MP-IgM antibody positive rate of children with respiratory tract infection from January 2013 to December 2018 was 18.45%(8863/48046).The positive detection rates of MP-IgM from 2013 to 2018 were 19.98%,17.88%,18.59%,18.52%,20.69%and 15.08%respectively,and the difference between the years was statistically significant(χ^2=92.92,P=0.001).There was a statistically significant difference on MP-IgM antibody positive rates between the same season in different years and between different seasons in the same year(P<0.05).The positive rate of MP-IgM antibody was highest in school-aged children and the lowest in infants.The differences between different ages in the same year and between different years in the same age(except the school-age)were statistically significant(P<0.05).The positive rate of MP-IgM antibody in male children was 15.92%,which was lower than 22.50%in female children(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of MP infection in children in Zhongshan area is relatively high,and it is more common in children over 3 years old,the infection rates in children with different ages,genders and seasons were different.