《焚书》“下下人”教学思想对“人皆可以为尧舜”概念之继承与拓展

A Research on Analyzing How the Teaching Thoughts of “Ordinary”in “Fen Shu”Inherits and Expands the Concept of “Everyone can be as Yao and Shun”

李贽被不少学者视为反儒学的“异端”,然而其著述思想常蕴含儒家关怀——如《焚书》中的“下下人”教学思想,便对儒学“人皆可以为尧舜”的概念有一定继承与拓展。传统儒学强调“人皆可以为尧舜”,却经久未有论及导“下下人”成圣的具体方法;李贽注意到此忽漏,故提出崭新的“下下人”教学思想,主张以直指人欲的浅白“迩言”作为教育凡民的语言,投“下下人”之日用所好,诱其学道为圣。尽管“下学”或未能使每一个弟子都成圣,但其核心价值在于确认“圣凡平等”,包涵平等丶博爱的人文精神,促进“人人皆可以为圣”概念之现实化,此具有深刻的当代人文意义。

LEE Zhi was treated as an anti-Confucian by some scholars,however,we could discover the Confucian concerns in his writings.For instances,the teaching thoughts of“ordinary”in“Fen Shu”inherits and expands the Confucian concept of“Everyone can be as Yao and Shun”in some extent.Traditional Confucianism emphasized“Everyone can be as Yao and Shun”but the ordinary-teaching methods had never been discussed.LEE Zhi noticed this bug and aimed to fix it by promoting new teaching method of“ordinary”.He insisted to use simple words which concern human’s desires to be the teaching language as it could induce people to be a“saint”.Although the teaching result might not be as expected,its core value was to support the point of view on“everyone is equal”,which contained the thoughts of humanism.The teaching method could realize the concept of“Everyone can be as Yao and Shun”and possessed great contemporary humanistic meaning.