小胶质细胞在脑出血中的作用研究进展

Advances in the role of microglia in intracerebral hemorrhage

脑出血是一种严重的中枢神经系统出血性损伤,出血后炎性反应在其发病后损害及修复中发挥重要作用。小胶质细胞是神经系统固有免疫细胞,脑出血后小胶质细胞激活,可分泌抗炎因子如白细胞介素10、神经生长因子-1及促炎因子白细胞介素1、肿瘤坏死因子α等,在脑出血继发损伤中起到促炎致损及抑炎修复的双向作用。调节小胶质细胞功能状态,增强其组织保护功能,可以促进脑出血后血肿清除,减弱炎性反应,减轻继发性损伤。作者就脑出血后小胶质细胞的激活与功能作用及相关分子机制进行综述,以期为脑出血治疗提供新思路。

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a severe hemorrhagic lesion of the central nervous system.Inflammation plays an important role in the damage and repair procedure after the primary hemorrhage.Recently,some researches discovered that intracerebral hemorrhage might induce the activation of microglia which is a primary innate immune cell of the central nervous system,and lead to the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors such as interleukin(IL)10,insulin-like growth factor 1 and pro-inflammatory factors like IL-1β,tumor necrosis factorα.In this process,microglia emerged bidirectional characteristics both in promoting and inhibiting inflammation.Regulating the functional state of microglia in the way of enhancing its tissue-protective function could promote hematoma clearance,attenuate inflammatory responses and reduce the secondary damage after primary hemorrhage.In this article,we reviewed the activation and the function of microglia after intracerebral hemorrhage,including the related molecular mechanisms,and highlight the emerging areas of therapeutic promise.