《周易》的“宇宙论”和“本体论”

The Cosmology and Ontology of The Book of Changes

在我国哲学史上,一般来说,把关注宇宙的起源、世界的起源、万物的基质等都归结为"宇宙论";"本体论"多关注世界万事万物所以然的根据、原因,也往往突现其"形而上"的本性。《周易》揭示了天地生万物的世界之源,阐释了万物虽多,皆出于"阴阳"的宇宙观;《周易》又揭示了宇宙世界之万事、万物之变化的根据即"一阴一阳"之"道",又把"道"上升到了超验的、形而上之的地位,即"形而上者谓之道"。在《周易》中虽然没有对"道"进行过多的阐释,但《易传》中首次出现了"太极"之词,并且通过"《易》有太极,是生两仪"使《周易》的宇宙观与本体论形成了双层结构的交融,既蕴涵了"道即太极"的本体论,又蕴涵了万物皆出于阴阳的宇宙论。

In the history of Chinese philosophy,generally speaking,the concern about the origin of the universe and the world and the matrix of all things is attributed to cosmology.Ontology is more concerned about the basis and causes of everything in the world,and often highlights its"metaphysical"nature.The Book of Changes reveals the origin of the world in which all things are born,and explains that although there are many things,they all come from the cosmology of yin and yang.It reveals that the universe of all things changes according to the tao of yin and yang and tao rises to the transcendent and metaphysical status,or in other words,"what is above form is called tao."Although The Book of Changes does not give much interpretation of tao,taiji appears for the first time in Commentaries on the Book of Changes.Since changes involve taiji,which produces two modes,the cosmology and ontology of The Book of Changes have doubly integrated,embodying the ontology that"tao is taiji and the cosmology that everything comes out of yin and yang.