人口城镇化驱动环境演变的“动力三角”

“Power Triangle” of Environmental Evolution Driven by Population Urbanization

人口城镇化驱动环境变化的"动力三角"为要素集聚、产业演进和知识积累。人口城镇化通过"动力三角"对环境产生正负两方面的效应,当正效应大于负效应时,环境质量改善,反之环境恶化。具体来看,要素集聚通过分工、外部性、空间排异对环境产生正效应,由于集聚不当、集聚过度、集聚不足而带来负效应;产业演进通过产业结构高级化、生态化对环境产生正效应,产业的梯度转移和产业结构驱动则可能给环境带来负效应;企业、政府和消费者的知识积累会给环境产生正效应,知识积累的负效应主要表现为高科技污染。

This paper expounds the“power triangle”of population urbanization driving environmental change,that is,factor agglomeration,knowledge accumulation and industrial evolution.When the positive effect is greater than the negative effect,the environmental quality will improve,and vice versa.Specifically,factor agglomeration has positive effects on the environment through division of labor,externality and spatial exclusion,while it has negative effects due to improper,excessive and insufficient agglomeration.Industrial evolution produces positive effects on the environment through industrial structure upgrading and ecology,while the gradient transfer and convergence of industrial structure may bring negative effects on the environment.The knowledge accumulation of enterprises,governments and consumers will have positive effects on the environment,while the negative effect of knowledge accumulation is mainly manifested in high-tech pollution.