开花植物对早竹造瘿害虫寄生蜂卵的发育和寿命的影响

Effect of Flowering Plants on The Egg Maturation Rates and Longevity of Gall-inducing Pests Parasitoids of Phyllostachys praecox

研究了紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L.)、芥菜(Brassica juncea L.)和油菜(Brassica napus L.)3种开花植物对早竹(Phyllostachys praecox)造瘿害虫寄生蜂卵的发育和寿命的影响。研究表明:纹黄枝瘿金小蜂(Homoporus japonicas Ashmead)、黄腹长角金小蜂(Norbanus longifasciatus Girault)、栗瘿旋小蜂(Eupelmus urozonus Dalman)和具点刻腹小蜂(Ormyrus punctiger Westwood)都是同步卵型寄生蜂。纹黄枝瘿金小蜂、黄腹长角金小蜂和具点刻腹小蜂的卵都呈长卵圆形,略有弯曲,无卵柄;栗瘿旋小蜂的卵呈长卵圆形,具有管状的卵柄。饲喂紫云英能显著增加黄腹长角金小蜂、具点刻腹小蜂和栗瘿旋小蜂成熟卵的数量(P<0.05);并且饲喂紫云英对黄腹长角金小蜂和具点刻腹小蜂的寿命有所延长。饲喂油菜能显著增加黄腹长角金小蜂、具点刻腹小蜂和栗瘿旋小蜂成熟卵的数量(P<0.05),并且饲喂油菜能显著延长黄腹长角金小蜂的寿命(P<0.05)。紫云英和油菜均不能增加纹黄枝瘿金小蜂成熟卵的数量,并且缩短纹黄枝瘿金小蜂雌成虫的寿命。在早竹林生态系统中种植紫云英和油菜,有助于提高天敌的寄生效能,从而达到控害保益的目的。

We explored the effects of three flowering plants(Astragalussinicus L., Brassica juncea L. and B. napus L.) on the egg maturation rates and longevity of parasitoids of gall-inducing pests on Phyllostachys praecox. The results showed that Homoporus japonicas Ashmead, Norbanus longifasciatus Girault, Eupelmus urozonus Dalman and Ormyrus punctiger Westwood were synovigenic parasitoid wasps. The mature eggs of H. japonicas, N. longifasciatus and O. punctiger were oval-shaped, slightly curved without the stalk. However, the mature egg of E. urozonus was oval-shaped, with the tubular stalks. The provision of A. sinicus significantly increased the number of mature eggs of N. longifasciatus, O. punctiger and E. urozonus(P<0.05), and prolonged the longevity of N. longifasciatus and O. punctiger compared to untreated parasitoids. The provision of B. napus greatly enhanced the number of mature eggs of N. longifasciatus, O. punctiger and E. urozonus(P<0.05), and increased the longevity of N. longifasciatus compared to untreated parasitoids(P<0.05). The provision of A. sinicus and B. napus could not increase the number of mature eggs and shortened the longevity of H. japonicas compared to untreated parasitoids. Therefore, planting A. sinicus and B. napus in the bamboo forest ecosystem will help to improve the parasitic efficiency of natural enemies and achieve the goal of pest control and benefit protection.