综采工作面深孔预裂爆破主动卸压技术研究

Study on Active Pressure Relief Technology for Deep Hole Pre-splitting Blasting in Fully Mechanized Mining Face

深孔预裂爆破主动卸压技术是降低巷道围岩应力、控制巷道围岩变形的一种经济合理的高效技术。本文在介绍国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司石槽村煤矿211005综采工作面矿压显现情况的基础上,提出采用深孔预裂爆破主动卸压技术实现以爆破预裂的方式提前释放大量弹性变形能,避免能量积聚,同时改变爆破区周围岩层原始应力分布特征,使支承应力峰值向深部岩层转移等,分析了合理优化爆破卸压钻孔设计对控制巷道围岩变形极为关键,具体包括优化钻孔直径、钻孔深度、封孔长度、炮眼间距、装药量等。实践证明:深孔预裂爆破主动卸压技术在石槽村煤矿211005综采工作面的成功实施,为石槽村煤矿顶板围岩变形控制提供了一种新的手段,为类似矿井做好顶板管理工作提供借鉴。

The active pressure relief technology of deep hole pre-splitting blasting is an economical and efficient technology to reduce the stress and control the deformation of roadway surrounding rock. Based on the introduction of the situation of mining pressure appearance in 211005 fully mechanized mining face of Shicaocun Coal Mine of Ningxia Coal Industry Corporation of CHN Energy, this paper proposes to use the active pressure relief technology for deep hole pre-splitting blasting to realize the blasting pre-splitting and release a large amount of elastic deformation energy in advance, which will avoid the energy accumulation, and change the characteristics of the original stress distribution around the rock formation in the blasting area, so as to transfer the peak value of bearing stress to the deep rock layer, etc. This paper analyzes the key of optimizing the design of blasting pressure relief drilling hole to the control the deformation of the surrounding rock by optimizing the drilling diameter, drilling depth, sealing length, hole spacing and charge quantity, etc. The practice has been proved that the successful implementation of the active pressure relief technology of deep hole pre-splitting blasting in 211005 fully mechanized mining face of Shicaocun Coal Mine provides a new method for controlling the deformation of roof surrounding rock in Shicaocun Coal Mine, and provides reference for similar mines to do well the work of the roof management.