中国农村地区虐待老年人现状及影响因素研究进展

Advances in Current Situation of Elder Abuse and Its Influencing Factors in Rural Areas of China

随着老龄人口的不断增加,我国出现了一系列的养老问题,其中虐待老年人问题尤为明显,且农村地区的虐待老年人问题明显高于城市。老年人受虐待不仅会侵害老年人的权利,还会严重影响老年人的身体和心理健康,更有可能增加老年人患病的风险,加速老年人的死亡。目前多数研究者将老年人虐待分为身体虐待、精神虐待、经济虐待、疏忽照顾和性虐待五种类型,其中精神虐待是我国农村地区虐待老年人发生率最高的类型,其次是疏忽照顾。本文通过详细阐述我国农村地区虐待老年人的现状和流行情况,并归纳出老年人受虐待的影响因素,包括老年人自身因素,如女性、高龄、文化程度低、身体健康状况差和抑郁等,以及照顾者压力、家庭代际支持和社会等因素,以期为今后减少虐待老年人提供借鉴和参考。

With the continuous increase of the elderly population,a series of problems of supporting the elderly have emerged in China.Among them,the most significant problem is elder abuse,which is more common in rural areas than in cities.Elder abuse not only infringes rights of the elderly,but also seriously affects their physical and mental health.It is more likely to increase the risk of diseases in the elderly and accelerate their death.In general,most researchers categorize elder abuse into five types:physical abuse,mental abuse,economic abuse,negligent care and sexual abuse.Among them,mental abuse is the most common type in rural areas of China,followed by negligent care.In this paper,we elaborate on the current situation and the prevalence of elder abuse in rural areas of China.And then we make a summary of influencing factors of elder abuse,including own factors of the elderly,such as female,the advanced age,low education level,poor physical health,depression and so on,and other factors,such as caregiver stress,family intergenerational support and social factors in order to provide the reference for reducing elder abuse in the future.