从家佛堂到三教并祀:移民社区空间的构建——基于清代湖北省南漳县九龙山社区的田野调查

From the Family Buddhist Shrine to the Worship of Three Religions: A Study on the Construction of the Community Space Based on the Field Study on the Jiulongshan Community in Nanzhang County,Hubei Province in the Qing Period

湖北省南漳县九龙山社区有一座张姓族人的家佛堂,后几经演变,逐渐形成佛、道、儒三教并祀的信仰景观。九龙山社区信仰空间的展开,以佛、道、儒宗教景观的承继和共存为表象,呈现出自下而上的发展路径,并内涵于民间传说和故事中。佛堂易主的过程,也是移民家族冯姓的迁徙发展史。山区顶庄稞种的租佃关系、红巾军起义等重大历史事件是移民家族崛起的重要因素。婚姻关系也是移民家族发展和社区空间构建的重要力量,但不完全包含于"权力的文化网络"之中。地方史视域下的文化网络更多的是和地方军事化以及地方势力此消彼长的动态过程密切相关。

In the Jiulongshan community of Hanzhang County,Hubei Province,there was a family Buddhist shrine of the Zhang lineage.In a long changing process,this shrine gradually evolved into a worship space of Buddhism,Daoism and Confucianism.The bottom-up development of this space in Jiulongshan involved folk tales and appeared as coexisting worship of the three religions.This transformation in worship space was also the history of the migrant Feng lineage taking roots in this community.The landlord-tenant relationship in this area and the major historical events such as the Red Turban Rebellion were the important reasons for the rise of migrant lineages.Marriage was also an essential factor for the development of migrant lineages and the construction of community space,but it was not completely included in the cultural network of power.The cultural network from the perspective of local history was more related to the local militarization and the dynamic interaction of local forces.