根区交替灌溉下减施氮肥对葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction under Alternate Root-Zone Irrigation on Grape Growth,Yield and Fruit Quality

为了探讨根区交替灌溉与减施氮肥对葡萄产量和品质的影响,以4年生辽峰葡萄为试材,设置常规灌溉(CI)和根区交替灌溉(AI)2种灌溉方式,不施氮(NN,0 kg/hm^2纯N)、推荐施氮量(RN,100 kg/hm^2纯N)和习惯施氮量(FN,200 kg/hm^2纯N)3个氮素水平,分析不同水氮耦合方式对葡萄新梢生长、树体冗余生长量、光合特性以及果实产量、品质的影响。结果表明,灌溉方式与施氮量存在显著的互作效应,以CIFN处理新梢长度最大,分别比AIRN和AIFN处理提高11.9%和6.8%。同一灌溉方式下,施氮处理新梢修剪量高于不施氮肥处理(P<0.01),与CI处理相比,AI处理灌溉方式树体新梢修剪量降低21.1%。与CI处理相比,AI处理叶片净光合速率(氮素处理均值)升高,蒸腾速率降低,叶片瞬时水分利用效率显著提高,且AI与RN耦合后叶片瞬时水分利用率最高,分别比CIRN和CIFN处理提高17.6%和34.0%(P<0.05);AI灌溉方式提高了果实产量、可溶性糖含量和维生素C含量,且与RN耦合糖酸比显著提高。综合考虑不同水氮耦合处理,根区交替灌溉与推荐施氮互作可以调控树体生长,创造良好的光合性状,提高叶片水分利用效率,实现节水减肥,有利于葡萄果实产量和品质的提高。

The purpose of this study was to discuss the effect on yield and fruit quality of grape by coupling of alternate irrigation method and nitrogen reduction.4 years old Liaofeng grape(Vitis vinifera‘Liaofeng’)trees were taken as experimental material.The experiment was conducted with two irrigation methods:alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation(AI)and conventional irrigation(CI),three N applied rates:no N fertilizer applied(NN,0 kg/ha N),recommended N rate(RN,100 kg/ha N)and farmer practice N rate(FN,200 kg/ha N).New shoots growth,redundant growth,leaf photosynthetic characteristics were observed.The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the irrigation methods and N applied rates.The new shoot length of CIFN treatment was the highest,which was 11.9%and 6.8%higher than that of AIRN and AIFN,respectively.At the same irrigation mode,the pruning amount of new shoots of two N applied treatments was higher than NN treatment(P<0.01).The total pruning amount of AI(average of all N treatments)was significantly decreased by 21.1%compared to CI.Pn of AI increased compared to CI,Tr of AI was significantly lower than CI.iWUE of AI increased significantly.And iWUE of AI coupling with RN was highest,which increased by 17.6%and 34.0%compared to CIRN and CIFN.The yield,soluble sugar and Vc contents increased of AI.And sugar-acid ratio of AI coupling with RN was significantly increased.In conclusion,the synergistic effect of alternate root-zone irrigation and recommended nitrogen rate reduced the redundant growth of grape,created good photosynthetic characters,and promoted grape yield and quality.