基于Super-SBM模型的张家界旅游效率评价及影响因素

Tourism Efficiency Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Zhangjiajie Based on Super-SBM Model

以张家界为案例地,首先运用Super-SBM模型对张家界2002—2017年的旅游效率进行测度,继而采用灰色关联分析法分析影响张家界综合效率的因素。结果表明:1)张家界市综合效率平均值仅为0.67。研究期内,仅有4个年份的旅游效率有效,且各年的旅游效率存在明显差异,表明张家界的旅游投入与产出亟待优化;2)在各分解效率中,张家界技术效率值较高,年均值为0.9,但年际变化较大;而规模效率值较低,年均值为0.74,但变化趋势较为平缓。技术效率是影响张家界综合效率的主要因素;3)张家界旅游综合效率受经济发展水平、信息化水平、劳动力资本、旅游资源吸引力、旅游产业结构与交通便利程度等多项因素的驱动,其中旅游产业结构与张家界旅游效率的关联度最大,为0.756。

Taking Zhangjiajie as a case,this paper first measured the tourism efficiency of Zhangjiajie from 2002 to 2017 by using Super-SBM model,and then analyzed the factors affecting the comprehensive efficiency of Zhangjiajie by using gray correlation analysis.The results show that:1)the average comprehensive efficiency of Zhangjiajie is only 0.67.During the study period,the tourism efficiency is only effective in four years,and there are significant differences among the years,indicating that the tourism input and output of Zhangjiajie need to be optimized urgently.2)Among the decomposition efficiency,Zhangjiajie has a high level of technical efficiency,with an annual mean of 0.9,but a large annual change.However,the scale efficiency level is low,with an annual average of 0.74,but the change trend is relatively flat.And technical efficiency is the main factor restricting the comprehensive efficiency of Zhangjiajie.3)The comprehensive efficiency of tourism in Zhangjiajie is driven by a number of factors,including economic development level,information level,labor capital,attraction of tourism resources,tourism industrial structure and transportation convenience,among which the tourism industrial structure has the greatest correlation degree,namely,0.756.