憎水性低共熔溶剂的合成及在萃取分离领域中的应用研究进展

Advances in the synthesis of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents and their applications in the field of extractions and separations

综述了憎水性低共熔溶剂合成及应用的国内外研究状况。结合萜烯、季铵盐、长链脂肪酸和氯化胆碱等几大类憎水性DES的分子结构特点,比较并分析了氢键供体和氢键受体中不同官能团对亲脂性和憎水性的贡献。简述了不同系列憎水性DES的熔点、密度、粘度、折光率或电导率以及在水中的溶解性等理化性质特点。评述了不同系列憎水性DES在萃取水溶液中金属离子、农药和染料,植物中生物活性化合物以及分析化学中液-液微萃取制样等诸多萃取领域的应用技术状况和发展潜力。

Domestic and abroad advances in the synthesis of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent(DES)and their applications was reviewed.Based on their molecular structures of such hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents as terpenes,quaternary ammonium salts,long chain fatty acids and choline chloride,contributions of various groups in hydrogen bond donor(HBD)and hydrogen bond acceptor(HBA)molecules on their lipophilicity and hydrophobicity were compared and analyzed.Physichemical properties of different hydrophobic DESs,such as melting point,density,viscosity,refractive index or electrical conductivity and the DES′s solubility in water,were described,respectively.The DES′s applications in such extraction fields as aqueous metal ion,insecticides and dyes in aqueous solution,bioactive compounds in natural plants and liquid-liquid microextractions in analytic chemistry were given and further prospect was expected.