论程序违法对行政处罚效力的影响——兼析《行政处罚法》的修改

On the Influence of Procedural Violation on the Effectiveness of Administrative Penalty——On the Amendment of Administrative Penalty Law

作为一部程序法性质的单行法律,《行政处罚法》在规制行政处罚行为方面发挥了巨大作用,但其关于程序违法对行政处罚效力影响的规定仍值得商榷,包括第三条与第四十一条的前后不一致以及与《行政诉讼法》、相关司法解释的矛盾等。本文认为,问题的根源在于成立、生效、无效等概念的混淆,由此也带来司法实践中的判决乱象。要从根本上解决问题,应对《行政处罚法》进行修改,明确程序违法与行政处罚行为效力的关系,尤其应明确行政处罚的无效情形。

As a special law with procedural nature,Administrative Penalty Law plays an important role in regulating administrative punishment.However,there are many problems in its provisions on the impact of procedural violation on the effectiveness of administrative punishment,including the inconsistency between Article 3 and Article 41,the contradiction with administrative procedure law and its judicial interpretation,etc.The root of these problems lies in the confusion of the concepts of establishment,effectiveness and invalidity,which leads to the confusion of judgments in judicial practice.herefore,in order to solve this problem fundamentally,it is necessary to modify the Administrative Penalty Law to clarify the relationship between procedural violations and the effectiveness of administrative punishments,especially the invalidity of administrative punishments.