运动式治理与制度建设:中国改革开放时期经济制度变革的组合拳模式

The Combination of Campaign Governance and Institutional Construction: The Strategy of Economic Institution Transformation in China’s Reform and Opening-up

中国从计划经济向社会主义市场经济的转型面临着制度变革的“双重挑战”:既要建立起全新的与市场经济相适应的制度体系,又要在有效新制度体系尚未就位的情况下保障基本的治理成效。应对“双重挑战”的一种重要方式是“运动式治理加制度建设的组合拳”:一方面,以制度建设为根基,逐步建立适应市场经济的制度体系,从而完成制度体系的本质性变革;另一方面,在缺乏有效的制度体系的情况下,通过运动式治理应对不断出现的现实问题以保障基本的治理绩效。论文对1978年至2012年土地使用制度变革历史过程的实证研究验证了上述的“双重挑战”以及“组合拳模式”的运作机制与现实成效。“运动式治理加制度建设的组合拳模式”能够缓解短期治理压力从而拥有更大试错空间,进而能够通过持续探索与调整寻求切实可行的解决方案,最终成功完成制度变革。

Throughoutthe Reform and Opening-up era,China has faced the“double challenge”of economic transformation.China mustquickly transform its system of governance while maintaining basic governance effectiveness in the absence of an effective governance system.In response,a strategy-the combination of a campaign for governance and institutional construction-was adopted.Using institutional construction,a new set of market economy institutions was established through continual exploration.Using campaign governance,basic governance effectiveness was managed even in the absence of an effective governance system.This empirical study of the transformation of urban land-using institutions from 1978 to 2012 verified the“double challenge”and the strategy's effects.One of which was to allow decision makers to ignore short-term pressures and to have greater room for trial and error.Better solutions were found through continuous adjustments and rapid change.