复合治理:地方脱贫进路的一个理论解释——基于153个脱贫摘帽县的扎根研究

Multi-Formal Governance: A Theoretical Explanation of Local Anti-Poverty Practice——A Grounded Research Based on 153 nationally-designated Poor Counties

准确诠释精准脱贫战略实践以来的地方治理经验是一项亟待推进的研究议题。论文以153个脱贫摘帽县作为分析样本,基于扎根方法提炼“复合治理”分析性概念诠释地方脱贫经验。“复合”属性表明地方减贫过程受到多重机制共同作用而形塑出复杂叠加的治理样态,具体表现为:(1)中央政府建构“刚性时间约束”要件,为地方政府“复合治理”提供外在驱动力;(2)贫困县党委、政府调用“党政统合”形式凸显任务首位、塑造体制联动效应,它是“复合治理”的组织轴心;(3)“复合治理”实践运作依托于横向维度“利益整合”与纵向维度“政治关联”,前者表征政府与市场主体建构治理共识以形成长效治理机制,后者表征地方政府将外生性政治权威嵌入村庄场域提升治理合力。“复合治理”为精准脱贫实践提供了一个理论视角,后续研究应强化对2020年后相对贫困治理实践的实证解读。

This research focuses on the governance experience underlying the implementation of the Targeted Poverty Alleviation strategy.Based on grounded theory,with 153 poverty-stricken counties as the study sample,this paper argues that China's experience in local poverty alleviation is embodied in the form of“Multi-formal Governance”in whichlocal governance is affected by multiple mechanisms,thus forming a governance pattern of multiple and superimposed influences.The specific influences are as follows:(1)The“rigid time constraint”element constructed by the central government externally drove the“Multi-formal Governance”of local governments;(2)the Party committees and governments of the impoverished counties highlighted the primary tasks,shaping the linkage effect of the system through“party and government integration”,which served as the organizational axis of“Multi-formal governance”;and,(3)the practice of“Multi-formal Governance”relies on the“interest integration”in the horizontal dimension and the“political connection”in the vertical dimension.More specifically,in the former the government and the market form a long-term governance mechanism by establishing governance consensus,while in the latter the government bureaucracy enhances the power of village autonomy by embedding exogenous political authority within it.In this study,“Multi-formal Governance”provides a theoretical perspective for the current practice of anti-poverty policy.Future studies should focus on“Post-2020 relative poverty alleviation practice”and conduct more empirical research.