现代新儒家直觉观念的跨文化解读与重构

Intercultural Interpretation and Reconstruction of Modern Neo-Confucian View of Intuition

直觉是儒家哲学的一种根本性的研究方法,但在现代之前该方法却运用有余而反思不足。现代新儒家的代表人物梁漱溟、冯友兰和熊十力对中国哲学广泛运用的直觉方法进行梳理和融汇,并对照和借鉴西方哲学及经验科学研究成果,创造性地化用非量、性智、感觉、知觉等诸多范畴名相来解说直觉,将体用、知行、正负、本体与认识、经验与超验等多重关系引入直觉研究,在比较视域中重构儒家直觉观念。现代新儒家的直觉研究强调直觉的作用和价值,认直觉为哲学研究的必要方法,并力图协调直觉与理智的关系,当时其目的在于中国哲学和文化上的"救亡图存",但在当前却与西方实验心灵哲学的直觉研究形成呼应。实验心灵哲学以语言分析、案例调查等方法为哲学研究中大量存在的直觉方法进行辩护,这与现代新儒家的直觉研究殊途同归。儒家哲学所倚重的直觉方法应在跨文化比较视域中探索其具有时代精神和中国气派的存在方式。

Intuition is a fundamental research method in Confucian philosophy, but for a long time, this method has been used frequently without enough reflection. Liang Shuming, Feng Youlan and Xiong Shili, the representatives of modern Neo-Confucianist, combed and combined the intuition method which was widely used in Chinese philosophy. Comparing with and making use of the achievements of western philosophy and empirical scientific research, they creatively interpreted intuition in terms of Feiliang(非量),Xingzhi(性智),sensation and perception. In order to reconstruct the Confucian intuition concept from a comparative perspective, intuition research is introduced into the multiple relations of Ti(体) and Yong(用), knowledge and action, positive and negative,noumenon and cognition, experience and transcendence. Modern Neo-Confucian intuition research emphasizes the role and value of intuition, recognizes intuition as a necessary method of philosophical research, and tries to coordinate the relation between intuition and reason. At that time, its purpose was to "save the nation and survive" in Chinese philosophy and culture, but at present it echoes the intuition research of western experimental philosophy of mind. The experimental philosophy of mind defends a large number of intuitive methods in philosophical research by means of linguistic analysis and case study. That is similar to the intuition research of modern Neo-Confucianism. The intuitive method that Confucian philosophy relies on should explore its existence mode with the spirit of the age and Chinese style from the perspective of cross-cultural comparison.