河道采砂对水生生态的影响与减缓对策

Effects of river sand mining on aquatic ecosystem and corresponding management strategies

河流冲淤塑造了河流多样性的形态结构,提供了河流多样性生境,孕育了水生生物的多样性,尤其是河流中下游的泥沙冲淤,形成物产丰富的平原、洲滩。因此,河流泥沙冲淤具有重要的生态学效应。河砂又是一种优质的天然建筑材料,市场需求不断增加。河砂过度、无序开采对河流生态系统造成了一系列不利影响。从河道采砂对河流生境和水生生物两个方面的影响进行综合分析,并结合我国国情提出了相应管理策略,以期缓解或避免采砂的负面生态环境影响。

Sediment erosion and deposition especially in the middle and downstream area of river resulted in the diversified river morphology and habitats for various aquatic organisms, forming rich plains and beaches. Apart from the ecological effects, river sand is a kind of high-quality natural building material with a constantly increasing market demand. Excessive and disorderly exploitation of river sand has caused a series of adverse impacts on the river ecosystem. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the impact of sand mining on river habitats and aquatic biological, and presents corresponding management strategies in order to alleviate or avoid the negative ecological environment impacts of sand mining.