儿科临床营养教学体系的构建及效果分析——以重庆医科大学附属儿童医院为例

The construction and effect analysis of pediatric clinical nutrition teaching system

[目的]探索建立规范的儿科临床营养教学体系,以提高营养系本科生的儿科临床营养综合水平。[方法]根据以往教学经验及在带教过程中发现的问题,重新构建"多学科训练、临床营养思维训练、启发参与式教学、互联网融合"等综合教学模式的教学体系。在新教学体系实施4年后,对比干预组和对照组学生参与、理论、操作、就业意向等有无变化。[结果]干预组参与实习人数和天数较对照组明显增加(P<0.05),且临床营养知识及操作技能较对照组有较大的提高(P<0.05)。干预组学生选择医院就业的比例比对照组高(干预组32%,对照组11%),但两组总的就业意向构成比差异无统计学意义。干预组学生不选择医院就业的主要原因为"工作压力",而对照组为"担心技能不足"。[结论]规范的儿科临床营养教学体系的构建可以提高营养系本科生的儿科临床营养综合水平,但促进相关人员就业仍需要继续扩大专科影响力,从而引导政策支持。

Objective Explore the establishment of a standardized pediatric clinical nutrition teaching system to improve the comprehensive level of pediatric clinical nutrition for undergraduates in the nutrition department and promote the efficient cultivation of professional talents.Methods Based on past teaching experience and problems found in the process of teaching,the teaching system of comprehensive teaching modes such as"strengthening publicity and communication,multi-disciplinary training,clinical nutrition thinking training,heuristic participatory teaching,and Internet integration"was rebuilt.Four years after the implementation of the new teaching system,students in the intervention group and the control group were compared for changes in participation,theory,operation,and employment intention.Results The number and days of practice in the intervention group were significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05),and the clinical nutrition knowledge and operation skills were significantly improved either(P<0.05).The proportion of students in the intervention group choosing hospital employment was higher than that in the control group(33%in the intervention group and 11%in the control group),but there was no significant difference in the total composition ratio.The main reason for the students in the intervention group not to choose hospital employment was"work pressure",while the control group was"worry about lack of skills".Conclusions The construction of standardized pediatric clinical nutrition teaching system can improve the comprehensive level of pediatric clinical nutrition for undergraduates of nutrition department.However,to promote the employment of relevant personnel,it is still necessary to continue to expand the influence of specialty,so as to guide policy support.