华北地区含硫化氢地下储气库运行风险及技术对策

Operation Risks and Technical Countermeasures of Underground Gas Storage Containing Hydrogen Sulfide in North China

为进一步推动国内含硫化氢地下储气库优化运行,以华北地区某地下储气库为例,通过对其运行中含硫化氢、井漏气、注采井底水水淹等运行风险综合分析,提出有针对性的运行技术对策,即硫化氢处理技术、井筒优化技术及水淹井激活技术。硫化氢处理技术采用干法脱硫思路,地面采用"活性炭+脱硫剂"分层装填脱硫塔方式实现脱硫,地下选用气密封型防硫化氢螺纹油管抗硫生产,并在井口采取含硫井井口失控远程点火技术:井筒优化方面,综合老井封堵、新井井身结构优化、完井管柱优化等井筒技术,并划分环空带压四种类型压力恢复曲线判断其漏点位置进行液体堵漏剂堵漏;水淹井激活技术则基于注采井出水特征及水体活跃性分析,采取"零背压放喷排液"激活水淹井技术。通过技术对策实施,该储气库已历经8个注采周期,实现了安全运行零事故,为含硫化氢型储气库运行50年乃至更久奠定了坚实的技术基础。

In order to further promote the optimal operation of domestic underground gas storage containing hydrogen sulfide,taking an underground gas storage in north China as an example,through the comprehensive analysis of its operation risks including hydrogen sulfide,well gas leakage and water flooding at the bottom of injection and production wells,corresponding technical countermeasures are proposed,namely hydrogen sulfide treatment technology,wellbore optimization technology and water-flooded well activation technology.For hydrogen sulfide treatment technology,the dry desulfurization method is adopted,the"activated carbon+desulfurizer"layered loading desulfurization tower is adopted for the desulfurization on the ground,the gas-sealed anti-hydrogen sulfide threaded tubing is adopted for the production of anti-sulfur underground,and the out-of-control remote ignition technology is adopted for the wellhead containing sulfur.In the aspect of wellbore optimization,the wellbore technologies,such as blocking off of old well,structure optimization of new well and the completion string optimization,are integrated,and four types of pressure recovery curves with annulus pressure are divided to determine the location of leakage point,plug the leak with liquid plugging agent.The activation technology of water flooded well is based on the analysis of water yield characteristics and water activity of injection-production well,and the technique of"zero back pressure release jet drainage"to activate water flooded well is adopted.Through the implementation of technical countermeasures,the gas storage has gone through eight injection and production cycles.The gas storage realizes safe operation with zero accidents,laying a solid technical foundation for the operation of gas storage containing hydrogen sulfide for 50 years or more.