农地市场交易收益效应研究——基于黄土高原苹果优势区苹果户的分析

Transaction Income Effects from the Farmland Market: An Analysis Based on Apple Growers in the Apple Advantageous Area on Loess Plateau

研究目的:探讨农地市场交易收益效应机制及其作用边界,考察黄土高原苹果优势区农地市场的交易收益效应是否存在。研究方法:采用Probit和Tobit模型对黄土高原苹果优势区34个村庄、771个苹果户实地调研数据进行实证分析,从农地可交易性水平和交易质量两个维度评价农地市场的交易收益效应。研究结果:(1)农地投资资本化是农地市场交易收益效应存在的基础;(2)黄土高原苹果优势区苹果户农地投资难以资本化,农地可交易性水平对短期农地投资无激励效应,对长期农地投资灌溉设施投资具有显著的负向影响,即不存在基于农地可交易性水平的交易收益效应;(3)交易质量对农地投资具有显著的正向影响,即显著存在基于农地交易质量的交易收益效应。研究结论:政府应基于农地“三权分置”安排推进产权制度改革和健全农地流转市场制度,改进农地市场的有效性,发挥农地市场的交易收益效应;改进政策干预效果,矫正农地投资市场失灵状况,培育具有正向激励效应的黄土高原地区农地质量投资保护机制,促进农地可持续利用。

The purposes of the study are to explore the mechanism of transaction income effects in farmland market and its functional boundary,and to investigate whether the transaction income effects of farmland market exist in apple advantageous area on Loess Plateau.The research method is to use Probit and Tobit models to empirically analyze the survey data of 34 villages and 771 apple growers in the apple advantageous area on Loess Plateau,and to evaluate the transaction income effects of farmland market from the two dimensions:transaction quantity and quality.The results indicate that:1)the capitalization of farmland investment is the basis of the transaction income effect in farmland market;2)since farmland investment cannot be effectively capitalized in apple advantageous area on Loess Plateau,the tradability level of farmland has no promotion effect on short-term farmland investment and has a negative impact on the longterm farmland investment of irrigation facilities,the transaction income effect based on the tradability level does not exist;3)the transaction quality has a positive impact on farmland investment,and exists a significant transaction income effect based on the quality of farmland transactions.In conclusion,the government should pay attention to promoting the reform of property rights system and improving the farmland market system based on the“tripartite rural land entitlement system”,improve the effectiveness of farmland market,and to make use of the transactions income effect of farmland market.Moreover,the effect of policy intervention should be improved;the failure of farmland investment market should be corrected;the farmland quality investment protection mechanism with positive incentive effect on Loess Plateau should be cultivated to promote the sustainable use of farmland.