电弧增减材复合制造精度控制研究进展

Review on Precision Control Technologies of Additive Manufacturing Hybrid Subtractive Process

电弧增减材复合制造技术是一种将产品设计、软件控制以及增材制造与减材制造相结合的新兴技术。丝材电弧增材制造(WAAM),因其在金属增材制造中具有制备成本低、沉积效率高、材料利用率高等优势而备受推崇;又因其热输入高、成型精度相对较低而存在一定局限性。因此,亟待研发既能保证成形效率,又可以精确控制传热、传质、传力的增材复合制造技术。电弧增减材复合制造对于大型框架构件上肋板或类似薄壁墙体、筋板等构件的加工十分适合,可以实现降低制造成本和提高生产效率的目的。除增材制造精度和应力控制等问题外,增材后控形减材制造的切削问题不同于传统的去除加工,也受增材沉积表面不均匀性、增材余热和残余应力等因素影响。为解决上述问题,近年来为实现高速高效成形、精确控形控性的多种增减材复合制造方法不断涌现。本文对目前增材制造成形误差、增材后应力变形控制,以及增材后减材切削加工的相关研究进行综述,旨在探索金属构件增材复合带温减材制造的可行性,寻求合理利用增材余热,在保证最佳加工精度的前提下追求较小残余应力、良好材料微观性能和较高生产率的新型制造工艺。

A hybrid technique of additive manufacturing and subtractive process has provided a new solution combining product design and control by software. Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM) process wins well-respected because of its low cost and high efficiency of deposition, nevertheless the process has its limitation of high heat input and low forming accuracy. A new process of additive manufacturing with high efficiency of modeling is urgent needed which can control heat transfer, mass transfer and force transfer. To overcome the disadvantage upon, various hybrid manufacturing techniques have been developed with high efficiency and controlled modeling in recently. The machining process in hybrid manufacturing has more different characteristics from traditional material removal processes, such as residual stress and heat in the blank. These influence the whole efficiency of the hybrid manufacturing. The primary aim of this paper is to explore the feasibility of thermal machining during this process and make rational use of additive manufacturing in order to obtain optimal accuracy.