中国农业市场化改革的逻辑

The logic of agricultural market reform in China

从高度集中的计划经济体制转变为主要依靠市场的市场经济体制,并且实现了国民经济的快速增长,中国的改革开放在短短40年里取得了巨大成绩。本文系统总结中国农产品市场改革的经验和市场发展规律,可以为其他国家提供中国经验和方案,对于进一步促进中国农产品市场改革也具有重要的意义。本文的主要内容:1)基于市场理论,通过市场的内涵和外延分析,研究市场化改革的目标和内容;2)基于中国实践,系统梳理了中国农产品市场化改革逻辑和路径,分析了改革的关键领域,并对未来进行了分析和展望。研究表明:中国农业市场化改革走出了一条渐进式的道路,改革目标是“五化”,即市场主体的多元化、市场客体的标准化、市场信息的透明化、行业进出的自由化、市场运行的制度化;改革的过程经历了四个阶段,即快速发展(1978—1984)、稳步推进(1985—1992)、巩固调整(1993—2000)和实体市场升级线上销售兴起(2001年以来);改革的逻辑是逐步递进,即首先改革“消费品市场”,积累经验后过度到“生产资料市场”,最后进行“要素市场”改革,目前金融市场改革仍然在不断推进。最后,论文对未来我国农产品市场改革进行了展望。

Carrying out the economic reform and opening up policies,China changed from a highly centralized planned economy to a market-oriented economy with a rapid economic growth and great achievements in the past fourty years.This paper systematically summarizes the experiences of China’s agricultural market reform and the rules of market development,which can provide China’e experiences and solutions to other deleloping countries,and it is also of great significance to the future agricultural market reform in China.This paper discusses the following topics:1)analyzing the goals and contents of market-oriented reforms based on market theory;2)summarizing China’s practices in the past four decades including the logic and path of China’s agricultural market reform,the key areas of reform,and outlook of future reform.Research shows that China’s agricultural market reform takes a gradual path.The goal of the reform is the“five principles”:the cultivation of market players,the standardization of goods or services,the transparency of market information,the liberalization of industry entry and exit,and the institutionlization of market operations.The process of reform can be classified into four phases,rapid development(1978-1984),steady progress(1985-1992),consolidation adjustment(1993-2000),and the rise of new sales(since 2001).The logic of agricultural reform in China is a gradual progress,which started from the final goods market,then moved to the intermediate goods market,and finally focused on the input market.Currently,the reform of the financial market is still continuing.Last part of this paper is the outlook of the future reform in China.