中国茶叶国际竞争力分析

Empirical analysis of the international competitiveness of China’s tea industry

中国是最大的茶叶生产国,也是重要的出口国,但茶叶大市场小行业的发展现状对中国茶叶国际地位提出了挑战。基于国际竞争力理论,立足全球茶叶市场,运用UN Comtrade链接WITS数据库中的样本数据,测算中国茶叶国际市场份额、产业内贸易指数、显示性比较优势指数和产品出口价格,将测算结果与全球主要茶叶出口国进行对比分析,探讨中国茶叶国际竞争力。结果表明,茶叶是中国具有比较优势的商品,但优势不如早期明显;茶叶出口价格呈现出先下降后稳定上升的走势,茶叶价值在国际市场得到了认可;经过绿色贸易壁垒磨炼之后,茶产业形成了新的资产所有权优势,逐步进入了良性发展的产业内贸易模式。研究表明,中国茶叶的优势与不足并存,国际竞争力提升的关键在于品质提升与品牌创建。因此,提出了建立以茶企为主体的研发体系、加快茶叶技术立法、大力实施品牌提升战略、提升茶叶组织行业自律水平和加大对茶叶产业的扶持力度等提升国际竞争力的政策建议。

China is the largest tea producer and an important exporter.However,the development of small scale tea enterprises in the large tea market poses a challenge to the international status of Chinese tea.Based on the theory of international competitiveness and using the UN Comtrade to link sample data in the WITS database,this paper calculated the international market share of Chinese tea,the intra-industry trade index,the comparative advantage index,and export price,and compared them with those of other world leading tea exporters.Results show that China has some comparative advantage in the global tea market with a decreasing trend.The export price of tea shows a trend of falling first and rising steadily and the value of Chinese tea has been recognized in the international market.After the implementation of the green trade barriers,China’s tea industry has formed a new asset ownership advantage and entered a benign development of intra-industry trade model.The advantages and disadvantages of China’s tea industry coexist and the key to the improvement of international competitiveness of Chinese tea lies in the improvement of quality and brand recognition.Therefore,to improve the international competitiveness for China’s tea industry,this paper suggests:to establish the research and development system with tea enterprises as the main body,to speed up the legislation of tea technology,to implement the strategy of brand promotion vigorously,to enhance the self-discipline level of tea organizations,and to increase the support for tea industry.