收入增长与膳食知识对超重人群热量摄入的影响——基于居民体重管理决策模型

Impacts of dietary knowledge and income growth on calorie intake in overweight individuals:Based on weight management decision model

我国农业资源严重短缺,但食物分配不均与超重肥胖问题却日益严峻,不仅困扰人口健康,而且导致食物与资源严重浪费,从食物需求管理视角研究引导居民合理热量摄入对于人口健康和农业资源节约具有重要意义。基于需求理论,拓展并构建纳入膳食知识禀赋的居民体重管理决策理论模型,利用中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据,分析收入增长与膳食知识对超重个体热量摄入的影响,探讨两者影响超重个体热量摄入的作用机制。结果表明,膳食知识增加能有效减少超重个体热量摄入,主要通过减少谷物类食物摄入量,实现食物摄入量减少和热量摄入量下降。收入增长对超重个体热量摄入无显著影响。收入增长的直接效应提高了食物消费总量;收入增长引起的食物结构升级减少了谷物食物和油脂摄入,增加了蔬菜水果和肉蛋奶类食物摄入;谷物类食物和油脂摄入减少引起的热量下降很大程度上抵消了肉蛋奶食物摄入增加引起的热量增加。这一结果对热量摄入无收入弹性提供了一般性的解释。因此,政府相关部门有必要对超重人群给予膳食指导,并采取相关干预政策增加超重居民膳食知识,调整不健康的饮食行为,增加体育锻炼。

China has a huge shortage of agricultural resources,but the problem of uneven food distribution and overweight are becoming more and more serious.At the same time,it leads to the health of the population and causes serious waste of food and resources.It is of great significance to guide residents to rationally invest in population health and the conservation of agricultural resources.Based on the demand theory,this article expands and constructs a theoretical model for residents’weight management decision,which incorporates dietary knowledge endowment.Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey,this paper analyzed the impacts of income growth and dietary knowledge on the caloric intake of overweight individuals,and explore the influencing mechanism of them on calorie intake.Results show that increased dietary knowledge can effectively reduce the caloric intake of overweight individuals,mainly by reducing the intake of cereal foods to reduce food intake and caloric intake.Income growth has no significant influence on the caloric intake of overweight individuals.The direct effect of income growth has increased total food consumption,while the upgrade of food structure has reduced cereal and fat intake,and increased vegetable,fruit,meat,egg,and milk food intake.The reduction in calories from reduced cereal and fat intake largely offsets the increase in calories from increased meat,egg and milk food intake.The findings of this research provide a general explanation for the lack of income elasticity of calorie intake.Therefore,this paper suggests that the Governments should provide dietary guidance for those overweight individuals,adopt relevant intervention policies to increase their dietary knowledge,change unhealthy eating behaviors,and increase physical exercise.