低钾血症致肾囊性病变2例报告并文献复习

Renal cystic disease caused by hypokalemia: report of two cases and review of the literature

目的探讨低钾血症导致的获得性肾囊性病变的临床特点和发病机制。方法总结2例以慢性低钾血症为主要表现、伴有肾囊性病变的肾小管疾病患儿的临床资料,并结合文献进行复习。结果2例患儿均为男性,年龄分别为16岁和14岁,例1原发病为Dent病(1型)、例2为肾小管酸中毒(1型),共同特点为长期低钾血症史,未正规治疗、随访,均合并多发肾脏囊肿,无其他遗传性肾囊性病变的证据,例1合并肾功能异常、例2合并肾钙化。结论长期低钾血症可导致肾囊性病变,早期诊治、治疗和规律随访尤为重要。

Objective To explore the clinical features and pathogenesis of acquired renal cystic disease caused by chronic hypokalemia.Methods Clinical data of two patients with childhood renal cystic disease were collected and analyzed,and related literatures were reviewed.Results Male patient 1 aged 16 years old was diagnosed with Dent disease(type 1)and male patient 2 aged 14 years old,was diagnosed with renal tubular acidosis(type 1).They both presented with renal cystic diseases and chronic hypokalemia without regular treatment and follow-up.Patient 1 also presented with abnormal renal function and patient 2 presented with nephrocalcinosis.There was no evidence on other heredity renal cystic diseases.Conclusions Renal cystic diseases can be caused by chronic hypokalemia in some conditions,which should be diagnosed in early stage,treated timely and followed-up regularly.