新疆哈密两处古绿松石矿遗址初步考察

Preliminary Investigation of Two Turquoise Mining Sites in Hami,Xianjiang

2016年根据地质部门等提供的线索先后对黑山岭、天湖东两处古绿松石矿遗址进行了考察。黑山岭遗址位于哈密南偏西200千米,天湖东遗址位于哈密南偏东160千米。两处遗址均遭到现代采矿破坏。两处遗址皆采集到大量的采矿石器和绿松石标本。黑山岭遗址发现长约20、厚约1.5米的残存文化层,其中发现陶片等遗物。天湖东遗址在现代采矿暴露出深约10余米的古矿洞,采集到兽骨、木炭等样品。天湖东遗址还确认了多座古墓葬。拉曼光谱分析显示两处遗址所产皆为典型的绿松石。碳十四年代测定显示两处遗址在距今3300~2400年间已得到开发。

According to various pieces of information such as geological survey,the authors carried out a field work to investigate two turquoise mining sites in the Hami region,Xinjiang,in 2016.The two sites,namely the Heishanlingsite and Tianhudong site,are located in the Gobi Desert.The prior site is about 200 km to the southwest of Hami city,and the latter one is about 160 km to the southeast of the same city.Both of them,especially the Tianhudong site,have been heavy damaged by modern mining.Hundreds of stone hammers and turquois fragments were collected at the two sites.A cultural layer with 20 m length and 1.5 m depth was found at the Heishanling site,providing many pottery pieces,animal bones and charcoal samples.Charcoal and bone samples were also collected from one unground mining cave at the Tianhudong site.Several stone-chamber tombs were identified adjacent to the cave,but no pottery pieces were found,suggesting that modern mining waste might have destroyed the residential component.Raman spectrometer analysis confirms that samples collected from the two sits were turquois.In addition,AMS dating shows that the earliest mining time of two sites could be traced back to 3300-2400 BP.