隋代墓葬出土胡人类型与文化渊源初探

Preliminary Study of the Origin and Typology of Hu Foreigner Figurines from Sui Tombs

隋墓中深目高鼻的胡人形象在随葬品所占比例较小,有武士、仪卫、仆从、马夫、驼夫、僧侣、伎乐等,时间上主要分为前后两期,分布范围主要在关中地区、关东地区和南方地区,造型为深目高鼻,有穿胡服者,有穿汉服者,文化特征复杂而模糊,既反映南北地区胡人类型与文化渊源各不相同的历史事实,也说明隋代大一统文化整合过程在墓葬中的体现,还证明了魏晋南北朝至隋代墓葬胡汉交融现象及其在中外文化交流史上的作用。

This paper analyzes Hu foreigner figurines from Sui tombs,which are characterized by their deep eye sockets and high nose.This type of artifacts usually accounts for the minority in the assemblage and includes primarily warriers,guardians,servants,grooms,camel herders,monks,and musical performers.These figurines were distributed primarily in the Guanzhong,Guandong,and southern regions.These figurines are all with deep eye sockets and high nose features.Exotic-custom wearers and Han-custom wearers are all included.In other words,the cultural affiliation of these figurines is complicated and does not show a clear-cut characteristic.The author argues that the complexity reflected in these diverse styles indicated that the foreigners in southern and northern China might have different origins and compositions.Also,the presence of these figurines suggests the great transformation caused by the unification of the Sui Dynasty.These figurines also serve as important evidence concerning the cultural assimilation between the Hu and Han people from the WeiJin and Southern-Northern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty.Eventually,the diverse cultural characteristics reflected in funeral practices of these different periods all merged together and gave rise to the great Tang culture in later period.