新时代农村基本经营制度的深层思考

A Deep Thinking on the Basic Rural Management System in the New Era

农村基本经营制度是社会主义基本经济制度的重要组成部分。农村基本经营制度是在旧的经营制度瓦解的基础上重新构建的。农村基本经营制度由三个要素组成:所有制主体是集体(发包方)、承包主体是家庭、承包关系长久不变。农村基本经营制度的核心,是重新建立个人所有制,把土地所有权以外的权利赋予承包户,也就是说土地使用权、转让权、收益权乃至抵押权长期归农户,让农户享有用益物权。农村基本经营制度的实现形式是多样化的,要赋予双层经营体制新的内涵。

The basic rural management system is an important part of the socialist basic economic system,re⁃constructed on the basis of the collapse of the old management system.Such a system is composed of three ele⁃ments:the farmer collective(i.e.the contract-issuing party)as the subject of ownership,the family as the sub⁃ject of responsibility contracting,and a permanent contract relationship.The core of the basic rural management system is to re-establish the individual ownership and to assign rights other than the land ownership to contrac⁃tors.In other words,the right to the use of land,the right of assignment,the right to earnings,and even the right of mortgage belong to farmers for a long period of time,so that farmers can enjoy the usufructuary right.Forms of the realization of the basic rural management system are diverse,which should be endowed with a new conno⁃tation.